Lectio Sexta


Learn Latin on the Armenian Antilibrary, by Beyon Miloyan

Romaniprop. habuerunthabeo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: have bellumbellum: noun.acc.sg.neut. Eng: war cumcum: prep. Eng: with Aequis.prop. Consulconsul: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: consul Romanusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: come cumcum: prep. Eng: with exercituexercitus: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: army Romanoprop. adad: prep. Eng: to pugnam.pugna: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: battle Exercitusexercitus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: army Romanusprop. pugnavitpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with Aequis.prop. Aequiprop. pugnaveruntpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with Romanis.prop. Aequiprop. virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man fortesfortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave fuerunt.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be Sedsed: conj. Eng: but Romaniprop. etiametiam: adv. Eng: also, yet virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man fortesfortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave fuerunt.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be Ergoergo: adv. Eng: because of, on account of virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man fortesfortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave pugnaveruntpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with virisvir: noun.abl.pl.masc. Eng: man fortibus.fortis: adj.abl.pl.masc. Eng: brave Sedsed: conj. Eng: but exercitusexercitus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: army Romanusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.3per.sg. Eng: come inin: prep. Eng: in magnummagnus: adj.acc.sg.neut. Eng: great periculum.periculum: noun.acc.sg.neut. Eng: danger Virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man Romaniprop. exclamaverunt:exclamo: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: exclaim inin: prep. Eng: in magnomagnus: adj.abl.sg.masc. Eng: great periculopericulum: noun.abl.sg.neut. Eng: danger sumus!sum: verb.pres.1per.pl. Eng: be Sedsed: conj. Eng: but virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man Romaniprop. fortesfortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave fuerunt.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be Etet: conj. Eng: and inin: prep. Eng: in urbeurbs: noun.abl.sg.fem. Eng: city Romanaprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be senatussenatus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: senate Romanus.prop. Virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man bonibonus: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: good fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be inin: prep. Eng: in senatusenatus: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: senate Romano.prop. Ergoergo: adv. Eng: because of, on account of senatussenatus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: senate Romanusprop. fecitfacio: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: make consilium:consilium: noun.acc.sg.neut. Eng: plan Dictatoremdictator: noun.acc.sg.masc. Eng: dictator creaverunt.creo: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: create Cincinnatusprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be virvir: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: man bonus,bonus: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: good virvir: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: man fortis.fortis: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: brave Inin: prep. Eng: in veritate,veritas: noun.abl.sg.fem. Eng: truth Cincinnatusprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be Romanusprop. bonus.bonus: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: good Legatilegatus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: ambassador exex: prep. Eng: from senatusenatus: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: senate veneruntvenio: verb.past.3per.pl. Eng: come adad: prep. Eng: to Cincinnatum.prop. Cincinnatusprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be inin: prep. Eng: in agris.ager: noun.abl.pl.masc. Eng: field Legatilegatus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: ambassador exex: prep. Eng: from senatusenatus: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: senate dixeruntdico: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: say quodquod: conj. Eng: that exercitusexercitus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: army Romanusprop. inin: prep. Eng: in periculopericulum: noun.abl.sg.neut. Eng: danger magnomagnus: adj.abl.sg.masc. Eng: great fuit.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be Dixeruntdico: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: say quodquod: conj. Eng: that senatussenatus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: senate creavitcreo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: create Cincinnatumprop. dictatorem.dictator: noun.acc.sg.masc. Eng: dictator Ergoergo: adv. Eng: because of, on account of Cincinnatusprop. nonnon: adv. Eng: not remansitremaneo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: remain inin: prep. Eng: in agris.ager: noun.abl.pl.masc. Eng: field Cincinnatusprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be dictator.dictator: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: dictator Cincinnatusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.3per.sg. Eng: come cumcum: prep. Eng: with virisvir: noun.abl.pl.masc. Eng: man fortibus.fortis: adj.abl.pl.masc. Eng: brave Cincinnatusprop. pugnavitpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with Aequis.prop. Cincinnatusprop. vicitvinco: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: win Aequos.prop. Sedsed: conj. Eng: but Cincinnatusprop. nonnon: adv. Eng: not remansitremaneo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: remain Dictator.dictator: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: dictator Cincinnatusprop. nonnon: adv. Eng: not voluitvolo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: want magnammagnus: adj.acc.sg.fem. Eng: great potestatem.potestas: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: power Cincinnatusprop. voluitvolo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: want agrosager: noun.acc.pl.masc. Eng: field bonos.bonus: adj.acc.pl.masc. Eng: good Ergoergo: adv. Eng: because of, on account of Cincinnatusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.3per.sg. Eng: come inin: prep. Eng: in senatum.senatus: noun.acc.sg.masc. Eng: senate Cincinnatusprop. dixitdico: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: say inin: prep. Eng: in senatusenatus: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: senate quodquod: conj. Eng: that nonnon: adv. Eng: not voluitvolo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: want magnammagnus: adj.acc.sg.fem. Eng: great potestatem.potestas: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: power Cincinnatusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.3per.sg. Eng: come rursusrursus: adv. Eng: again inin: prep. Eng: in agros.ager: noun.acc.pl.masc. Eng: field Nuncnunc: adv. Eng: now Cincinnatusprop. nonnon: adv. Eng: not estsum: verb.pres.3per.sg. Eng: be Dictator.dictator: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: dictator

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Nuncnunc: adv. Eng: now Cogitemuscogito: verb.past.perf.1per.pl. Eng: think

Nominative endings: We have been using the nominative endings for the subject for some time now. So let us add them up, for the three declensions that we know:

Singular Plural
1. -a (nauta) -ae (nautae)
2. -us, -r (agnus, ager, vir) -i (agni, agri, viri)
3. - -es

Notice that we did not indicate an ending for the nominative singular of third declension-that is because there is so large a variety: we must learn each word as it is. Notice also that there are a few words that we have already had that do not fit into the table above. Do not bother about them now. We will see about them later. We can use them easily without knowing all about them. But let us be sure to learn the nominative and the ablative singular of each word. Then they will not be hard to handle.

Preposition ex: Notice the preposition ex has two forms: e and ex. E is used before consonants. Ex is used before vowels (sometimes before consonants also).

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Exerceamusexerceo: verb.pres.1per.pl. Eng: exercise nosego: pron.nom.pl. Eng: I

Romaniprop. enimenim: conj. Eng: for fortesfortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man fuerunt.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be Quandoquando: adv. Eng: when pugnaveruntpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with Aequis,prop. Romaniprop. viceruntvinco: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: win Aequos.prop. Romaniprop. veneruntvenio: verb.past.3per.pl. Eng: come exex: prep. Eng: from urbeurbs: noun.abl.sg.fem. Eng: city adad: prep. Eng: to pugnam.pugna: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: battle Aequiprop. veneruntvenio: verb.past.3per.pl. Eng: come exex: prep. Eng: from urbeurbs: noun.abl.sg.fem. Eng: city adad: prep. Eng: to pugnam.pugna: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: battle Horatiusprop. pugnavitpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with Etruscis.prop. Etrusciprop. etiametiam: adv. Eng: also, yet fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be virivir: noun.abl.pl.masc. Eng: man fortes.fortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave Romaniprop. fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be inin: prep. Eng: in magnomagnus: adj.abl.sg.masc. Eng: great periculopericulum: noun.abl.sg.neut. Eng: danger postquampostquam: conj. Eng: after regemrex: noun.acc.sg.masc. Eng: king Tarquiniumprop. expulerunt.expello: verb.past.3per.pl. Eng: expel Romaniprop. fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be inin: prep. Eng: in magnomagnus: adj.abl.sg.masc. Eng: great periculopericulum: noun.abl.sg.neut. Eng: danger quandoquando: adv. Eng: when pugnaveruntpugno: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: fight cumcum: prep. Eng: with Aequis.prop. Sedsed: conj. Eng: but Romaniprop. viceruntvinco: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: win Etruscosprop. etet: conj. Eng: and Aequos.prop. Cincinnatusprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be Dictatordictator: noun.acc.sg.masc. Eng: dictator Romanus.prop. Sedsed: conj. Eng: but Cincinnatusprop. nonnon: adv. Eng: not voluitvolo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: want potestatempotestas: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: power magnam.magnus: adj.acc.sg.fem. Eng: great Cincinnatusprop. amavitamo: verb.past.3per.sg. Eng: love Romam.prop. Cincinnatusprop. fecitfacio: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: make consiliumconsilium: noun.acc.sg.neut. Eng: plan bonum.bonus: adj.acc.sg.neut. Eng: good Cincinnatusprop. nonnon: adv. Eng: not remansitremaneo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: remain Dictator.dictator: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: dictator Plebsplebs: noun.nom.sg.fem. Eng: plebeian nonnon: adv. Eng: not remansitremaneo: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: remain inin: prep. Eng: in urbe.urbs: noun.abl.sg.fem. Eng: city Plebsplebs: noun.nom.sg.fem. Eng: plebeian nonnon: adv. Eng: not venitvenio: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: come inin: prep. Eng: in scholam.schola: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: school Marcusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: come inin: prep. Eng: in scholamschola: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: school cumcum: prep. Eng: with Maria.prop. Agnusprop. venitvenio: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: come inin: prep. Eng: in scholamschola: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: school cumcum: prep. Eng: with Maria.prop. Fuitnesum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be; ne: part. Marcusprop. agnus?agnus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: lamb Mariaprop. dixitdico: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: say quodquod: conj. Eng: that Marcusprop. fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be agnus,agnus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: lamb Fuitnesum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be; ne: part. Marcusprop. rotundus?rotundus: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: round Tribunitribunus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: tribune plebisplebs: noun.gen.sg.fem. Eng: plebeian habuerunthabeo: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: have magnammagnus: adj.acc.sg.fem. Eng: great potestatem.potestas: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: power Consulesconsul: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: consul etiametiam: adv. Eng: also, yet habuerunthabeo: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: have magnammagnus: adj.acc.sg.fem. Eng: great potestatem.potestas: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: power Sedsed: conj. Eng: but consulesconsul: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: consul etet: conj. Eng: and tribunitribunus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: tribune plebisplebs: noun.gen.sg.fem. Eng: plebeian nonnon: adv. Eng: not fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man mali.malus: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: evil Fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be virivir: noun.abl.pl.masc. Eng: man boni.bonus: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: good Inin: prep. Eng: in veritateveritas: noun.abl.sg.fem. Eng: truth fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be Romaniprop. fortes.fortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave Exercitusexercitus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: army Romanusprop. etiametiam: adv. Eng: also, yet fuitsum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be fortis.fortis: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: brave Virivir: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: man fortesfortis: adj.nom.pl.masc. Eng: brave fueruntsum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be inin: prep. Eng: in exercitu.exercitus: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: army Horatiusprop. stetitsto: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: stand inin: prep. Eng: in ponte.pons: noun.abl.sg.masc. Eng: bridge Ponspons: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: bridge ceciditcado: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: fall inin: prep. Eng: in aquam.aqua: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: water Horatiusprop. etiametiam: adv. Eng: also, yet ceciditcado: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: fall inin: prep. Eng: in aquam.aqua: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: water Porciporcus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: pig nonnon: adv. Eng: not cecideruntcado: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: fall inin: prep. Eng: in aquam.aqua: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: water Porciporcus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: pig nonnon: adv. Eng: not amaveruntamo: verb.past.3per.pl. Eng: love aquam.aqua: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: water Etiametiam: adv. Eng: also, yet agnusagnus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: lamb nonnon: adv. Eng: not ceciditcado: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: fall inin: prep. Eng: in aquam.aqua: noun.acc.sg.fem. Eng: water Sedsed: conj. Eng: but agnusagnus: noun.nom.sg.masc. Eng: lamb albusalbus: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: white fuit.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.sg. Eng: be Porciporcus: noun.nom.pl.masc. Eng: pig nonnon: adv. Eng: not albialbus: adj.nom.sg.masc. Eng: white fuerunt.sum: verb.past.perf.3per.pl. Eng: be

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